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Hibrid sistim untuk biohidrogen: kombinasi sistim fotofermentasi dan kultivasi ganggang biru (cyanobakteria)
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Susilaningsih, Dwi, 2018, "Hibrid sistim untuk biohidrogen: kombinasi sistim fotofermentasi dan kultivasi ganggang biru (cyanobakteria)", https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12690/RIN/TCXYCC, RIN Dataverse, V1
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Hidrogen merupakan salah satu pilihan sebagai energi alternatif karena mudah dikonversi dan tidak merusak lingkungan, baik dalam proses pembuatannya maupun penggunaannya. Pembuatan biohidrogen dapat dilakukan dengan cara bioteknologi menggunakan organisme hidup atau bagiannya untuk memodifikasi suatu produk. Proses produksi gas hidrogen secara bioteknologi dikenal sebagai karier energi yang bersih dan terbarukan. Hidrogen secara alami dapat diproduksi oleh organisme melalui proses fotosintesis, pencernaan makanan, dan melalui siklus kreb dengan menggabungkan dua atom hidrogen dan donor elektron. Biohidrogen juga dapat dihasilkan secara mikrobiologis melalui fermentasi dan evolusi fotosintesis dengan melibatkan enzim hidrogenase atau nitrogenase. Jenis mikroba yang dapat membuat hidrogen melalui proses evolusi (fotosintesa) adalah ganggang biru. Pembuatan biohidrogen yang paling ekonomis adalah menggunakan sistem hibrid, yaitu penggabungan antara sistem fermentasi dan kultivasi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk optimasi produksi energi karier gas hidrogen yang dikombinasikan dengan kultivasi ganggang biru atau Sianobakteria untuk mengeliminasi gas karbondioksida. Optimasi meliputi kondisi lingkungan, pemanfaatan limbah substrat untuk pengganti zat karbon yang dibutuhkan oleh agen mikroba dan sistem fermentasinya. Optimasi dilakukan melalui penggunaan bioreaktor dan produksi gas hidrogen melalui fotofermentasi dengan agen Rhodobium marinum dan Konsorsium Sanur pada uji coba aplikasinya pada sistem pembangkit energi (listrik) yang diperlukan pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gas hidrogen dapat dihasilkan dari limbah yang bersifat lignoselulitik dan nonlignoselulitik dengan perolehan gas 3-29,6 mL/75 mL substrat dengan agen pengkonversi bakteri fotosintetik R. marinum dan Konsorsium Sanur. Hasil optimasi proses fotofermentasi dengan mikroba tunggal dan Konsorsium Sanur menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pH awal optimum adalah 7, pencahayaan optimum 2.000 lux, agitasi 120 rpm dan temperatur optimum sebesar 30- 40°C. Observasi optimasi panjang gelombang cahaya menunjukkan cahaya kuning berpanjang gelombng 500-600 nm terbaik untuk pertumbuhan mikroba fotosintetik, sedangkan untuk produksi gas hidrogennya yang terbaik adalah cahaya merah dengan panjang gelombang 640--650 nm. Dalam volume fotofermentasi sebesar 500 mL diperoleh gas hidrogen sebesar 30-296 mL/500 mL. Pembuatan hidrogen menggunakan konsorsium mikroba telah menghasilkan satu buah paten. Selain itu, telah dihasilkan sebuah prototipe model reaktor hibrid, yaitu proses terpadu fotofermentatif oleh mikroba fotosintetik yang dikombinasikan dengan kultivasi ganggang biru sebagai reduktor karbondioksida sekaligus penghasil gas hidrogen. (2011)
Subject Chemistry
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